Pre-purchase examination for horses: complete checklist

When is a pre-purchase examination required?

A pre-purchase examination is not legally required, but from a financial perspective it is almost always wise. Especially for horses above €5,000, the examination is a small investment compared to potential veterinary costs later on. Many insurers also require an examination report as a condition for illness or surgery cover. For sport and breeding horses, a comprehensive examination including X-rays is standard; for a recreational horse, a basic examination may be sufficient. Discuss with the seller in advance which type of examination you will have carried out — this prevents misunderstandings on the day itself.

Choose an independent vet

The biggest mistake buyers make: engaging the seller's vet. Always choose your own independent vet who has no relationship with the selling stable. You may propose a name yourself, or let the seller choose from a list of three vets that you approve. Costs for a standard pre-purchase examination range from €150 to €350; with X-rays this rises to €600 to €1,200 depending on the number of images taken. These costs are for the buyer, unless you make other arrangements.

What is examined?

A full pre-purchase examination consists of several components. Make sure you know what is and isn't included before the vet arrives.

• Clinical examination: eyes, teeth, heart, lungs and skin
• Movement assessment on hard and soft ground (walk, trot, canter)
• Flexion tests of all four legs
• Neurological examination of coordination and balance
• X-rays of hooves, fetlocks and hocks (number depending on agreement)
• Blood sample for storage (optional but recommended)
• Lungeing and, if possible, ridden trial under saddle

Questions you need to ask

In addition to the examination, the horse's history is at least as important. Always ask the seller these questions — preferably in writing via email so that you have a record.

• Have there been any previous injuries, surgeries or extended periods of box rest?
• What medication has the horse received in the past 30 days?
• Has the horse ever been examined before, and if so, what was the outcome?
• What is the reason for sale?
• Are there any known behavioural or management issues?

Understanding and evaluating the results

A pre-purchase examination does not produce a 'passed' or 'failed' verdict — that is a common misconception. The vet describes findings and assesses whether they are relevant for the intended use. Mild arthritis in the hoof of a recreational horse may be acceptable; for a showjumper competing at 1.40 m, the risk assessment is very different. Always ask the vet for a verbal explanation in addition to the written report. Also note which findings are considered 'buyer's risk' — these are the points an insurer may later exclude from cover.

Recording everything in EquiSight before handover

Once the horse is officially yours, it is wise to store all examination documents digitally straight away. Upload the examination report, X-rays and blood sample form to the horse dossier in EquiSight. That way you have everything in one place for your insurer, your own vet or a potential future buyer. You can also immediately set a reminder in the calendar for a first check-up after three months, giving the horse the chance to settle in and then establishing a baseline measurement.

Checklist: day of the examination

• Horse has not been fed if a blood sample is planned
• Previous owner or yard manager is present to answer questions
• Your own vet is confirmed and independent
• Purchase and payment agreements have not yet been finalised
• You have paperwork to hand: passport, vaccination history, proof of ownership
• Camera or phone ready to photograph any findings
• Riding gear ready for the ridden trial under saddle